With the 2020 Games postponed a year by the coronavirus pandemic, Pippa Roome looks back on other Olympics that have been affected by world events, from wars and boycotts to terrorism
The Tokyo Olympics, pushed back a year by Covid-19, is the first to be postponed in the history of the modern Games, but several other Olympics have been affected by wider world events.
Forty years ago, some 50 nations followed the US lead to boycott the Moscow Games in protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The equestrian events drew riders from just 11 countries and “alternative Olympics” in all three disciplines had a much stronger field than the real Games.
Italy’s Federico Roman took the individual eventing gold and team silver in Moscow. “There were fewer competitors than normal, but it was tough psychologically,” says Federico, who was also ninth at the fully attended 1976 Games. “For the last month and a half before the Games, we needed to prepare ourselves and our horses for competition, but we were surrounded by the political problem.
{"content":"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"}
H&H magazine editor and eventing editor
Pippa is a true eventing geek and has been H&H’s eventing editor since 2005. She has first-hand experience of competing up to British Eventing intermediate and international CCI2*-L level, and has worked in the industry on a top event yard. Pippa enjoys nothing more than immersing herself in the sport at the highest level, reporting from the five-stars and international championships, including the Olympics.