Back in October I wrote that there is nothing so polarising as the double bridle debate, but things move fast in the world of social licence. Just a few days later, nosebands became the new hot topic, with the announcement of the approved FEI noseband tightness measuring tool to be used on horses at international shows and events across all the disciplines.
The noseband – or rather, the fitting of it – has become a pariah over the past decade or so. Some research suggests tight nosebands are harmful; other research has found that very loose or no nosebands create problems of their own by allowing the rest of the bridle and bit to move too easily out of place. But the general public is now worried about potentially abusive equipment – and this is prodding the FEI to introduce controls that previously researchers and vets have advocated for without success.
Mandatory tightness checks with the tool at international shows (under Art 1044.8 of the 2025 FEI Veterinary Regulations, see page 45) were meant to start on 1 January but have been postponed till 1 May, to give time to train officials and distribute the measuring tool around the world. This is a major logistical challenge though the FEI told H&H they are “on target”. The tool is being made by a major French supplier of plastic components, Groupe Plastivaloire.
Nonetheless the new rule has caught many by surprise, despite being approved by the FEI General Assembly at the end of 2023. Consultation documents show remarkably few objections were lodged at the time, only by the International Dressage Riders Club (IDRC) dressage officials and the German and Irish national equestrian federations – just two of the 136 member countries entitled to a view. GB was in support – and will also trial the tool at British Dressage shows this season.
Anyone failing the test can start their competition if the noseband is loosened to comply with the rules. But if the noseband is found to have been covertly re-tightened again on the field of play, there is non-appealable elimination plus a yellow warning card. In disciplinary terms, therefore, the FEI now regards tight nosebands as more serious than certain instances of blood on the horse (which may be allowed to continue following inspection) or “excessive” use of the whip in eventing and jumping (disqualification and warnings being at the ground jury’s discretion).
But only now, with just three months to go, is the FEI facing resistance from all sides – for different and seemingly incompatible reasons.
{"content":"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"}
Read more H&H exclusive news investigations from Pippa Cuckson
Stay in touch with all the news in the run-up to and throughout the major shows and events during 2025 with a Horse & Hound subscription. Subscribe today for all you need to know ahead of these major events, plus online reports on the action as it happens from our expert team of reporters and in-depth analysis in our special commemorative magazines. Have a subscription already? Set up your unlimited website access now